What Does Loss of Appetite in Later Life Mean?

Loss of appetite in later life is not uncommon, and it isn’t necessarily something to be alarmed about. However, when observed it should always be acted upon, even as a precaution.

While loss of appetite can be a symptom of some illnesses, such as cancer, hypothyroidism, and dementia, more often it’s likely to be due to a loss of taste and smell, ill-fitting dentures, depression, or fears around swallowing.

It’s important to find out what’s causing a lack of appetite though, and if the person themselves isn’t able to tell you, it’s advisable to consult a medical professional.

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Why Appetite Changes as We Age

As we grow older, we undergo physical changes that can that often result in a decrease in appetite – such as loss of energy levels, a lower resting metabolic rate and a less active lifestyle.

Smell often fades faster than taste, particularly after 70. The number of taste buds decreases as we age, and the nasal lining becomes thinner. There is also a reduction in lean muscle mass.

Digestive Changes and Reduced Energy

Elderly adults may feel full faster due to hormone levels changing and the stomach emptying more slowly. Weakened muscular contractions can increase heartburn, constipation, and malabsorption of nutrients.

The Impact of Reduced Physical Activity

Reduced physical activity usually means that the number of calories that need to be consumed also reduces. A lack of physical activity can also increase the need for a balanced diet and good nutrition.

Common Causes of Loss of Appetite in the Elderly

Mobility Issues

People may not eat if they struggle to prepare food themselves

Dental problems

These can make eating uncomfortable, affecting appetite

Mental Health

Mental health conditions can impact appetite significantly

Medications

Side effects of medications can alter taste and reduce appetite

Chronic Diseases

Heart disease, diabetes, and others can suppress appetite

Hormonal Changes

Hormonal changes as we age can disrupt hunger signals

The Health Risks of Ongoing Appetite Loss

Ongoing appetite loss can pose significant risks to health. Nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of protein being consumed can lead to decreasing energy and the risk of malnutrition. Fatigue may become ever-present, which can impact daily life and activities.

Mental health issues such as depression can also result in a lack of appetite, as can other serious medical conditions such as thyroid problems or cancer.

If in doubt about what is causing lack of appetite, always consult a medical professional.

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Loss of Appetite and Dementia

When someone is living with dementia, they may not remember that they haven’t eaten, which can lead to a risk of malnutrition or dehydration. As dementia progresses, nerve impulses can be affected, meaning that hunger and thirst aren’t recognised.

The person may also not be able to communicate that they don’t like the food they’ve been given, that it’s too hot, or that they don’t remember how to eat. They may hold the food in their mouth due to fears around swallowing or spit it out.

The Alzheimer’s Society says, “You could try giving them a choice of food, or use prompts and pictures so they can choose the food they would like.”

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When Should You Be Concerned About an Older Person Not Eating?

If an older person consistently doesn’t eat, there could be a number of reasons, but a medical professional’s opinion should be sought just to rule out an underlying condition. While a person can be encouraged to eat, loved ones cannot force them to if the person still has mental capacity to make their own decisions.

Supporting Safe and Comfortable Mealtimes

Providing a comfortable and calm environment can certainly help to encourage someone to eat. Noisy and busy environments may make someone with dementia feel anxious and confused, so the environment should be tailored to their preferences.

Behavioural Changes Linked to Poor Nutrition

Inadequate intake of nutrients can cause mood disorders and affect cognitive function. Better eating habits can be encouraged by addressing behaviour changes, understanding why this is happening, and putting effective strategies into place.

Practical Ways to Encourage an Elderly Person to Eat

Creating a routine

Creating a routine can help to develop familiarity and certainty for those who need sustenance but might be confused or suspicious about eating or drinking

Eating with others

Turning mealtimes into a social event can set an example to your loved one about the importance of eating, as well as creating an enjoyable event for them to look forward to

Encouraging snacking

Snacking is a great idea to encourage your elderly loved ones to graze throughout the day. Snacks can be a fantastic way to ensure your loved one is eating enough calories

Fight dry mouth

If dry mouth is preventing your loved one from wanting to eat, the first step to take is to consult your doctor or dentist, as medication is often the primary cause of dry mouth

Use finger foods

Finger foods with high nutritional value such as samosas, cheese cubes, and peanut butter will all increase calorie intake through small, digestible portions

Fortify food

Fortifying foods can help to increase vital nutrients such as iron and calcium. The NHS recommends adding butter, cream, full-fat milk, or cheese to add calories

How Helping Hands Can Help

If you live far away from a loved one or you’re busy during the day, having a Helping Hands carer going in to see them at mealtimes, or living-in around the clock, is peace of mind for everyone concerned.

If your loved one refuses to eat it can be particularly upsetting, and anxiety may cause you to become angry or frustrated with your family member. However, this is likely to make the person even less willing to eat or drink, due to an increase in stress and confusion.

Finding out what meals and foods your loved one particularly enjoys, and how they like it to be prepared will always increase the likelihood of them finding their appetite. This is where having the support of a Helping Hands carer is priceless; your loved one will have a regular companion who’ll encourage nutrition and hydration throughout the day.

A smiling carer in a purple uniform and gloves sits next to an older woman who is laughing and eating a meal at a kitchen table. A glass of water and a plate of food are on the table.

FAQS

Is It Normal for Older People to Eat Less?

Yes, it is very common for older people to eat less, as appetite decreases as we age. Lower energy needs, slower metabolism, and reduced activity all contribute to needing less calories. Sudden unexpected weight loss or lack of appetite should always be investigated by a medical professional though.

How Long Can an Elderly Person Go Without Eating?

Circumstances differ. If the person is on end-of-life care for instance, their body will stop processing nutrients, and the shift will focus from feeding to comfort. This includes keeping them hydrated, if appropriate. Typically, an elderly person who stops eating entirely lives for about 10 days to two weeks.

Can Dehydration Reduce Appetite?

Dehydration can definitely reduce appetite. While initial thirst can be confused for hunger as the body produces similar sensations, dehydration can cause fainting and loss of appetite. Drinking water may also help prevent weight gain as it can suppress the ‘hunger hormone’ that regulates appetite.

Does Depression Cause Loss of Appetite in Later Life?

Depression is a common contributor to loss of appetite in later life. This can result in unintended weight loss and a lack of nutrients being consumed. This can be made worse by bereavement, loneliness, or physical symptoms.

How Can Carers Gently Encourage Eating?

Carers can encourage eating by being patient and remaining calm. Asking the person what foods they’d like, making food visibly appealing, and keeping portions small may all tempt someone. Routine can also help someone to eat. If you’re concerned about prolonged appetite loss, you should consult a medical professional.

Reviewed by Ali Pipe, Regional Clinical Lead, on March 3rd 2026.

How we wrote this page 
This page has been produced referencing key insights and data from external experts, trusted medical sources and our team of in-house specialists. We have worked hard to ensure that all information is as accurate as possible and reflects current consensus at the time of writing and reviewing.

Understanding Loss of Appetite in the Elderly: Causes and Support

What Does Loss of Appetite in Later Life Mean?